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Chapter 1
arjuna uvaca
drstvemam svajanam krsna yuyutsum samupasthitam
sidanti mama gatrani mukham ca parisusyati
vepathusca sarire me romaharsasca jayate
gandivam sramsate hastattvakcaiva paridahyate
na ca saknomyavasthatum bhramativa ca me manah
Arjuna said:-
O Krsna, at the sight of these kinsmen thus arrayed here, eager to wage war, my limbs give way, my mouth is parched, my body shivers and hair stand on end. The bow, Gandiva slips from my hand, my skin burns all over. My mind is reeling as it were and I am not able even, to stand. 28—30
Comment:-
Dtstvemarh svajanam krsna yuyutsum samupasthitam—Arjuna loved the name Krsna, very much. So he has been addressed by this name in the Gita nine time, more than any other name. Lord Krsna, similarly loved Arjuna's name 'Partha' (the son of Prtha, Kunti). Therefore, while talking together, both of them addressed each other by these names and this fact was well-known to other people also. Therefore, Sanjaya at the end of the Gita in 18/78 mentions 'Krsna', and 'Partha'-'Yatra yogesvarah krsno yatra partho dhanurdharah (vis., wherever is Krsna, the Lord of Yoga and wherever is Partha (Arjuna), the wielder of the bow).
Dhrtarastra, in the first verse of this chapter, uses the phrase 'Samaveta Yuyutsavah' (gathered together desirous to fight) and Adana here has said, 'Yuyutsum Samupasthitam' (arrayed eager to fight). But there is a vast difference, in the views of the two. Dh1tarSstra is partial to his sons. So, he uses the words 'Mamakah' (Mine), and 'Pandavah' (Pardus). But Arjuna is impartial. So he uses the term 'Svajanam' (Kinsmen), which includes, persons of both sides. It means, that Dhrtarastra is worried about the death of his sons in the warfare, while Arjuna is worried about the death of warriors, in both armies, because he thinks that both the warring groups, are his own kith and kin.
Till now the word 'Drstva (having seen), has been used three times—'Drstva tu pandavarukam' (Having seen the army of the PSndavas) (1/2), 'Vyavasthitan drstva dhartarastran' (Having seen Dhrtarastra's party arrayed) (1/20), and here Drstvemarh svajanam' (Having seen these kinsmen). It means, that there is no change in the attitude of Duryodhana, as far as war is concerned. But, there is a lot of change in Arjunas attitude. First, after seeing the sons of Dhrtarastra, Arjuna like a hero, gets ready for war. But after seeing his relatives present rhere, he is overwhelmed with extreme compassion, his bow slips from his hand, and he is not inclined to figh
Sidanti mama gatrani.......bhramativa ea me manah—Thinking of the consequences of the war, Arjuna is worried and sad. So his limbs are giving way, his mouth is getting parched, his body shakes, and his hair is standing on an end. The same Gandiva bow, the sound of whose string, terrified enemies, is dropping from his hand and his skin is burning all over[1]His mind is reeling, he is in a dilemma, and he is unable even to stand at the war-front. He feels, as if he will fall unconscious, and thinks it is a sin to wage war.
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