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Chapter 2
Appendix:-An action with a selfish motive is far inferior to yoga (equanimity) viz., it does not lead to salvation. As- a molecule is far smaller than a mountain viz., a molecule can't be compared with a mountain, similarly an action with a selfish motive is far inferior to yoga viz., an action can't be compared with yoga. Yoga (equanimity) is skill in action—`yogah karmasu kausalarn' (Gita 2/50). Therefore without yoga, an action is of a very low order, is worthless and is an obstacle— karmana badhyate jantuh'.
In Karmayoga 'Karma' is Karana Sapeksa (dependent on external and internal organs) but 'yoga' is Karana Nirapeksa (independent of external and internal organs). Yoga is not attained by actions but is attained by service and renunciation. Therefore Karmayoga is not Karma (action). Karmayoga is Karam Nirapeksa viz., discrimination predominating discipline. If there is no predominance of service and renunciation, it will be Karma, not Karmayoga (Discipline of Action) at all.
Equanimity leads to God-realization, but actions done with an interested motive lead to the cycle of birth and death. Therefore a striver should depend on equanimity, should remain established in equanimity. By being established in equaniruity, he will not remain destitute and nothing will remain to be done, to be known and to be attained by him. But he, who works with an interested motive (for him), ever remains destitute and bound.
In the Gita three terms have been used for Karmayoga—Buddhi, yoga and Buddhiyoga. In Karmayoga, there is no predominance of action (Karma) but there is predominance of `yoga'. Yoga, Buddhi and Buddhiyoga—the three are synonyms. In Karmayoga because of the predominance of determinate intellect, it is called 'Buddhi' and because of the predominance of renunciation by discrimination, it is called `yoga' or `buddhiyoga'.
In 'Dhyanayoga' (Discipline of Meditation) there is predominance of concentration of `mind', while in Karrayoga them is predominance of `intellect'. While tryng to control the mind, serenity and fickleness linger for a long time because in it a striver wants to withdraw the mind from the world and wants to concentrate it on God. While withdrawing the mind from the world, in its conception the existence of the world persists. This is a rule that to long as there is assumption of any other entity except God, the mind can't be fully controlled. Therefore upto the stage of trance also there are two states—trance and deviation from trance (relapse). But in Karmayoga because of the predominance of intellect, there is prominence of discrimination. While applying discrimination both the real and the unreal remain. A karmayogi applies the unreal things for the service of others by regarding those things as the material for the service. By such conception the attachment for the unreal is quickly and easily renounced.
The mind is not continuously concentrated but it is concentrated at times and in loneliness. But determinate intellect viz., a single pointed determination of the intellect always remains steadfast.
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