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Chapter 13
The expression, 'Ubhiivapi denotes that Prakrti and Purusa, both are different. As both of them are beginningless the difference between them is also eternal.
As the terms 'Ksetra' and 'Ksetrajnah', used in the first verse of this chapter, stand for the individual body and the individual soul respectively. Here 'Prakrti', stands for 'Primordial Matter' and its evolutes, while 'Pumsam' stands for all 'Ksetrajna' (Spirit).
The term 'Viddhi', in the second verse of this chapter, was used to know the identity of the individual soul, with the cosmic soul while here, points out that the two—'body' and 'spirit' or 'Prakrti (Primordial Matter) and 'Pumsa' (spirit), are different. So the Lord advises Arjuna, to understand it well, that the two, are quite different, because a common man identifies, the body with self.
Vikaramlca gunamscaiva viddhi prakrtisambhavan:- Know the seven modifications—desire, aversion, pleasure, pain, body, life-breath and firmness, as well as the three Gunas—sattva, raja and tams are born of prakrti. It means, that Pump is free from modifications and modes. In the seventh chapter, the Lord mentioned the gunas to be evolved from Him, while here He says, that these are born of 'prakrti. There, because of the context of devotion, the Lord mentioned them to be evolved from Him, and He also explained that His wonderful divine potency of His, consisting of the three Gunas can be overcome by taking refuge, in Him. But here, there is the context of knowledge, so the gunas are said to be born of prakrti. A striver, should not assume his affinity, with them. Thus he can get rid of them.
Karyakarana....prakrtirucyate:- Ether, air, fire, water, earth and sound, touch, sight, taste, smell—these ten, are prakrti's evolutes. Mind, intellect, ego, ear, skin, eye, tongue, (the sense of taste), nose, tongue (the organ of speech), hands, feet, generative organ and anus—these thirteen are included in the term, Karam' (instruments). Prakrti alone, is the cause of activities effected by all of them. Whatever is born, is called 'Karya' (evolute), and the means by which the activities are performed, is called 'Karam' (instrument). These instruments are of three types - 1. Organs of action 2. Sense-organs 3. Mind, intellect and ego. The organs of action, are gross, the sense-organs are subtle, and the mind, intellect and ego are, very subtle. The organs of action and the sense-organs, are external instruments and mind, intellect and ego, are internal instruments. Actions are performed by organs of action, while mind, intellect and ego, control the organs of actions, as well as, sense-organs. It means, that the sense-organs control, the organs of action, the mind controls, the sense-organs, intellect controls, the mind and ego controls, the intellect.
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