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Chapter 12
Sitosna:-, stands for cold and heat i.e., a sense of touch only, but here it stands for all other senses also. When senses, are in contact with their sense-objects, a perfect devotee, knows of favourable and unfavourable circumstances, but he remains equanimous, while a common man feels happy or sad, and has an attachment and aversion for those circumstances.
In the Gita, 'to remain even in pleasure and pain' and 'to be devoid of pleasure and pain' both, are used in the same sense. The favourable (happy) and unfavourable (sad) circumstances, are inevitable. So, it is not possible to be devoid of them, but an enlightened devotee, remains the same (even) without feeling, either happy or sad. One can be devoid of pleasure and pain, which arise from favourable and unfavourable circumstances. In the Gita, where there is mention of being even in pleasure and pain, it means, that one is equable, in favourable and unfavourable circumstances. And, where there is mention of absence of pleasure and pain, it means pleasure and pain, arising from these circumstances.
Sangavivarjitah:- The term 'Sanga, means, both affinity (union) and attachment. It is not possible for a person, to be disunited physically, from the body, mind, senses and intellect, so long as, he remains alive. He can physically renounce, objects other than the body. But real renouncement, consists in renouncing attachment for objects and beings, rather than their physical renouncement. Had physical renouncement, led a person to salvation, every person after death, would have attained salvation, as he abandons even his body. If he is attached to beings and objects etc., even after death, he is in bondage, because it is attachment, rather than physical renouncement, which leads to bondage.
Physical renouncement, can also be a means, to renounce attachment, but attachment, should be renounced from the heart. If there is the least attachment to the world, a person, will certainly think of it. Then attachment, will give birth to desire, anger and delusion respectively, and may lead him to ruin (Gita 2/62-63).
The Lord, in the fifty-ninth verse of the second chapter, by using the expression 'Param drstva nivanate', declared, "Even the taste for the objects of sense, turns away when the Supreme is seen." It means that attachment is totally renounced, after God-realization. But, it does not mean that attachment, cannot be totally renounced, during spiritual practice. When the soul of a striver, is no longer attached to external contacts (objects), even during spiritual practice, he immediately attains undying bliss or God-realization (Gita 5/21; 16/22).
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