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Jnana and Vijnana
The Vedas, direct perception, the sayings of great men and inference are the four Pramanas or proofs of knowledge. The world of transformation does not stand the test of any of them so the wise man becomes dispassionate to all things and renounces the world.
All works are subject to change. They bear the seed of sorrow and have a limit of time. They can never create everlasting happiness. Therefore the wise man sees all the regions that may be attained by actions, from that of Brahma downwards, as miserable and transitory even like the world that is seen.
O sinless one! I have already told you of Bhakti Yoga. I shall again tell you the chief means for the attainment of devotion to Me. Hear again what I say.
Faith in the nectar-like tales of My deeds, expounding them to others after hearing, constantly singing of Me, steadiness in worshipping Me, singing hymns in praise of Me, delight in doing service to Me, bowing to Me with all the eight parts of the body, worship of My devotees which is even greater than the worship of Me, realisation of My presence or existence in all beings, looking upon all beings as Myself.
Moving the limbs in doing acts dedicated to Me, singing My qualities, directing daily talks towards Me by talking about My attributes, resigning or offering the mind to Me, the giving up of all desires, giving up wealth, enjoyment, comforts and happiness for My sake, performing sacrifices, gifts and oblations, repeating Mantras, practising vows and austerities all for My sake, these are the chief means for the attainment of devotion to Me.
O Uddhava! Those men who have surrendered themselves to Me develop devotionto Me by such pious acts. When once they attain My devotion, nothing else remains to be realised in this universe.
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