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Chapter 13
As a pen does not write independently but that is merely an instrument for writing which depends upon the writer (doer). Therefore an instrument is not a doer and a doer is not an instrument. Secondly if there is doership in the instrument, why does the self feel happy and sad? If the instrument is happy and sad, what harm does it cause us? The true self is also not the doer because 'I'ness is the evolute of 'Prakri', then how is this 'I'ness possible in the self which transcends 'Prakrti'? Had there been doership in the self, it would have never been destroyed because the self is imperishable. Therefore here the Lord negated doership in the self—'na karoti'.
In the eighteenth chapter also the Lord declares, "He who assumes the self as the doer, that man of perverse understanding does not see right because his mind is not pure" (Gita 18/16). In fact he who is an enjoyer (experiencer) (who becomes happy and sad) is a doer.
Now let as reflect upon - who is an enjoyer? The enjoyer is neither real nor unreal. The real can't be an enjoyer because the real lacks nothing - 'nabhavo vidyate satah'; while the enjoyership comes to an end - 'na lipyate'. The unreal can also not be an enjoyer because the unreal has no existence - 'nasato vidyate bhavah'. In the unreal there is no consciousness. Therefore in the unreal there can't be even an imagination of enjoyership. It means that doership and enjoyership are neither in the real nor in the unreal. In the union of the real and the unreal also there is neither doership nor enjoyership; because as the union of the day and the night is impossible, so is the union of the real and the unreal impossible. Therefore doership and enjoyership are merely assumed—'kartahamiti manyate' (3/27). When a striver discriminately, totally renounces attachment to the body viz., wipes out the sense of 'P and 'mine' (which is actually not there), then he remains neither a doer nor an enjoyer but only a divine entity remains. In this way a striver, having realized the absence of doership and enjoyership in him, is liberated viz., he does not remain a doer or an enjoyer (experiencer) but remains the Pure Self (Divine Entity).
Na karoti na lipyate:- The Lord has explained and discussed this expression in the thirty-second and thirty-third verses of this chapter.
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