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Chapter 13
Link:—In the preceding three verses, Prakrti (Matter) and Purusa (Spirit), were described. In the next verse, there is a description of Purusa, in particular.
upadrastanumanta ea Marta bhokta mahesvarah
paramatmeti capyukto dehe'sminpurusah parah
The Soul (Purusa) having been vested within the body is called a 'witness', because he gives consertt, he is called a 'permitter'; as he assumes that he sustains the body, he is called a 'sustainer ; as he experiertces pleasure and pain, he is called 'experiencer'; being the master of the body he is 'Great Lord' (Mahcsvara). Really speaking, this Purusa by his owrt nature is the Supreme Soul. In spite of, His residence in the body; he is untainted and unattached. 22
Comment:-
Upadrastanumanta ca bharta bhokta maheivarah:- The Purusa (spirit), is eternal, all-pervading, immovable, constant and everlasting (Gita 2/24). As the Purusa, observes the body, an evolute of prakrti, He becomes a witness.
He, is the permitter, because He gives advice and permission, in the performance of actions. He, by identifying himself with the individual body, sustains the body by providing food, water and other necessities, and protects it from cold and heat etc. So, He is the sustainer.
By identifying Himself with the body, He undergoes all sorts of experiences. He experiences pleasure and pain, in favourable and unfavourable, circumstances. So, He is the experiencer.
He regards Himself, as the Lord of the body, senses, mind, intellect, wealth and property etc. So He is called the Great Lord.
Paramatmeti capyukto dehe'sminpurusah parah:- The Spirit, dwelling in this body, is really the same, which has been termed as the 'Supreme Soul', in the scriptures. In spite of its residence, in the body, it has no affinity with it. Though it dwells in the body, it neither acts, nor is tainted (13/31).
In this verse, the Spirit dwelling in the body, has been called by different names, as a man is called by different names (such as father, uncle, brother and grandfather etc.) according to the relationship it bears, though it is the same.
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