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Chapter 2
Appendix:-Kamtayoga' (Discipline of Action) is divided into two parts—'kartavya vijnana' (the science of duty) and `Yoga vijnana' (the science of equanimity). The Lord from the thirty-first verse to the thirty-seventh verse mentioned the science of duty in which He described the favourable consequences of discharging the duty and adverse consequences of not discharging the duty. Now from this verse to the fifty-third verse He mentions the science of equanimity.
The equanimity which the Lord mentioned in the preceding verse, can be attained both by 'the Discipline of Knowledge' and `the Discipline of Action'. By knowing the discrimination between the body-division and the self-division and renouncing affinity with the body-division, is `The Discipline of Knowledge' while by knowing the duty-division and the non-duty-division and by renouncing what ought not to be done and discharging one's duty, is `the Discipline of Action'. A man by following one of the two disciplines should attain equanimity. The reason is by attaining equanimity a man is freed from the bondage of action.
One is 'Dharma Sastra' (Purva mimamsa) [The scripture for duty] and one is `moksa sastra' (Uttara mimamsa) [The scripture for salvation). Here from the thirty-first verse to the thirty-seventh verse, there is description of 'Dharma Sastra', while from the thirty-ninth verse to the fifty-third verse there is description of `Moksa sastra'. By 'Dharma Sastra' (discharging one's duty) there is both kinds of progress[1]—mundane and spiritual. In `Dharma sastra' the discharge of one's duty is important. Either call it `Dharma' or duty—it is one and the same.
Not to do what ought to be done is `non-discharge of duty' and to do what ought not to be done is also 'non-discharge of duty'. Duty is that in which a person having renounced his desire for pleasure, pleases others and which involves his own welfare as well as the welfare of others. By discharging one's duty, 'Yoga' (equanimity) is naturally attained. Without discharging one's duty a man can't attain equanimity (Gita 6/3). Having attained equanimity, knowledge of Troth is naturally attained—which is the result of both—'Karmayoga' (the Discipline of Action) and 'Jnanayoga' (the Discipline of Knowledge).
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