|
Chapter 13
iccha dvesah sukharit duhkham satighatadcetana dhrtih
etatksetram samasena savikaramudahrtam
Desire and aversion, pleasure and pain, the body and consciousness (life-breath), firmness: these comprise the Ksetra, with its modifications, described briefly. 6
Comment:-
'Iccha' This term, denotes a passionate longing, for the acquisition of an object, a person or circumstances etc. First of all, the Lord mentions the evil in the form of desire, because this longing (desire) is the root of all evils, pains and sins.
Dvesah:- Unfulfilment of desire and hurt to one's pride leads to anger. A subtle form of anger, is aversion. Thus the term 'aversion' includes, jealousy and anger etc.
Sukham:- A feeling of pleasure aroused in the mind, by the appearance of agreeable circumstances, is called 'Sukha'.
Duhkham:- Agony, caused in the mind, by disagreeable circumstances, is Duhkha'.
Sadghatah:- This term, stands for a physical body consisting of twenty-four elements. After being born, the seeming existence of this body, is a modification and its constant change, is also a modification (Vikara).
Cetana:- The term, refers to life-breath. It undergoes modifications. It remains calm in sattva mode but is disturbed when a man is overwhelmed with grief, worry and fear etc. This life-breath ever decays. Therefore, it is a modification. Common people, call the creature having life-breath, as 'Cetana' and without life-breath as 'Acetana'. Therefore, life-breath, is called 'Cetana.
Dhrtih:- 'Dhrti', denotes firmness. It undergoes modifications. A man deviates from firmness, in unfavourable circumstances. Sometimes, he is firm, while other times he deviates from firmness. Sometimes he is more firm, sometimes less. Sometimes he holds virtues, sometimes vice. Being subject to change, it is modification of Ksetra.
[This firmness of three modes viz., sattvika, rajasika and tamasika, has been described, from the thirty-third verse to the thirty-fifth verse of the eighteenth chapter. Sattvika rumness, is very necessary, for spiritual progress.]
Etatksetram samasena savikaramudahrtam:- As, in the first verse of this chapter, the expression 'Idam sariram', was used to show a distinction, between the self and the body, similarly the tern[ 'Etat', has been used to prove the distinction of the seer - (self), from the seen (Ksetra, and its modification).
|
|