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Chapter 12
Therefore, renunciation of fruit of action, is necessary in practice, knowledge and meditation also. It is attachment for perishable objects, which is the root of disquietude. In Karmayoga, attachment to actions and their fruits, is abandoned from the very beginning )Gita 5/11). So Karmayogi, having no affinity for matter (insentient), attams, eternal peace (Gita 5/12), in the form of God-realization.
An Important Fact Pertaining to the Renunciation of the Fruit of Action
'Katmaphalatyaga' (renunciation of the fruit of action), is another name for 'Karmayoga' (the discipline of action), because in the discipline of action, only renunciation of fruit of action, is important. This Yoga, was lost to the world, long before the incarnation of Lord Krsna (Gita 4/2). The Lord by His grace, revealed this Karmayoga again, by making Arjuna an instrument (Gita 4/3), to human beings, in order to encourage them to attain salvation, which is generally considered impossible without leading a secluded life, or having renounced actions, objects and kith and kin etc. The Lord, means to explain, that a person can attain salvation or God-realization, in all circumstances, by performing his duties, in a detached way.
In Kannayoga, renunciation of attachment, for the fruit of action is important. Actions bear fruit, in the form of favourable and unfavourable circumstances, such as, health and sickness, riches and poverty, honour and dishonour, praise and blame, and so on. If a person has an attachment or aversion for them, he can never realize, God (Gita 2/42-44).
Perishable things, are fruit of action, such fruit, being perishable cannot be everlasting. Action, is also not everlasting. Then how can the fruit of action, be everlasting, when its cause,i.e., the action, is perishable. So, it is an error to be attached to perishable fruit, or to desire it. Renunciation of attachment, for the fruit of action, is the seed of, Karmayoga.
It seems difficult to renounce attachment for actions, and their fruit, while performing actions, in Karmayoga. But actually, it is not so. It seems difficult, when a man regards the objects (body etc.) required for performance of actions, as his and for him. But, when he regards these, as of the world, because they have been acquired from the world, and he performs his duty, his attachment is renounced, and he realizes God (Gita 3/19). In fact, it is not actions which lead to bondage, but it is desire and attachment for the fruit of actions, which lead to bondage. When desire and attachment for the fruit of actions, are renounced, all actions change into inaction (Gita 4/19-23).
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