Contents
Shri Sankara's Gita Bhashya
(Sri Sankaracharya's Commentary on the Gita)
CHAPTER -10
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33. Of letters, the letter "A" ami:; and " dvandva" of all compounds; Myself the inexhaustible Time; I the all-faced Dispenser. Of letters, syllables, the letter "A" am I; and "dvandva samāsa" am I of all, of the whole class of, compounds[1]. And besides, I Myself am the inexhaustible Time, that which is known as ' ksana' (moment), and so on; -or I am the Supreme Lord (Parameśvara) who is Kāla (the Reckoner or Destroyer) even of Kāla (Time or Death). I am the all-faced, having faces on all sides, Dispenser of the fruits of actions to the entire universe. |
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References and Context
- ↑ Samāsas (i.e. compounds, in Samskrt) are of four kinds: (I) Dvandva,
(2) Tat-purusa,
(3) Bahu-vrthi, and
(4) Avyaylbhāva. (The two classes, Karmadhāraya and Dvigu, are subdivisions of Tat-purusa):
(1) In dvandva, two or more words are joined together, which if not compounded would stand in the same case and be connected by the conjunc tion 'and' (e.g. "Rāma-Laksmana"). In this, the components carry equal emphasis.
(2) In Tat-purusa, the first member deteunines the sense of the other member, or the last member is defined or qualified by the first without losing its original indepedence. (e.g. "Sita-pati "). The emphasis is on the second word.
(3) In Bahu-vrthi, two oi more nouns in apposition to each other are compounded, the attributive member (whether a noun or an adjective) being placed first, and made to qualify another substantive, and neither of the two members separately-but the sense of the whole compound qualifies that substantive, (e.g. "Bahu-vrihi"-possessing much rice). This compound is adjectival in character, but there are several instances of Bahu-vrilu com pounds which have come to be regarded and used as nouns (e.g. "CaktapāVH," śaśi-śekhara, "Catur-mukha"). The compounded whole signifies an object other than the meaning of the components. ,„m„ „nrl fnrnied
(4) Avyayl-bltāva is an adverbial or indeclinable compound formed of an indeclinable i.e. a preposition or an adverb, and a noun. (e.g. Aam Hari "-in Hari). The emphasis lies on the first word. („In Karma-dhāraya, the members are in apposition, (e.g. Mancsa Māhan+Iśfl). In Dvigu, the first member is a numeral.